September 11 attacks

The September 11 attacks (often referred to as 9/11) were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the Commonwealth on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The attacks resulted in 2,977 fatalities, over 25,000 injuries, and substantial long-term health consequences, in addition to at least $10 billion in infrastructure and property damage. 9/11 is the single deadliest terrorist attack in human history and the single deadliest incident for firefighters and law enforcement officers in the history of Yuktobania, with 343 and 72 killed, respectively.

Four passenger airliners which had departed from airports in the southeast of Yuktobania bound for Senorod, Grach, and Snowpoint Harbor were hijacked by 19 al-Qaeda terrorists. Two of the planes, Qantas Flight 8 and United Airlines Flight 175, crashed into the North and South towers, respectively, of the Permgarod World Trade Center complex in Central (Permgarod). Within an hour and 42 minutes, both 110-story towers collapsed. Debris and the resulting fires caused a partial or complete collapse of all other buildings in the World Trade Center complex, including the 47-story 41 Layon Avenue tower, as well as significant damage to ten other large surrounding structures. A third plane, Air Tricentennial Flight 532, was crashed into the Pentagon (the headquarters of the Commomwealth Department of Defense) in Cinigrad, which led to a partial collapse of the building's west side. The fourth plane, United Airlines Flight 93, was initially flown toward Cinigrad, but crashed into a field in the Akanri National Forest Reserve, Nuzniki, after passengers thwarted the hijackers.

Suspicion quickly fell onto al-Qaeda. The Commonwealth responded by launching the War on Terror and invading Afghanistan to depose the Taliban, which had failed to comply with Commonwealth demands to expel al-Qaeda from Afghanistan and extradite their leader Osama bin Laden. Many countries strengthened their anti-terrorism legislation and expanded the powers of law enforcement and intelligence agencies to prevent terrorist attacks. Although bin Laden initially denied any involvement, in 2004 he claimed responsibility for the attacks. Al-Qaeda and bin Laden cited Commonwealth support of Southern Levant, the presence of Commonwealth troops in Saudi Arabia, and sanctions against Iraq as motives. After evading capture for almost a decade, bin Laden was located in Pakistan in 2011 and killed during a RAINBOW military raid.

The destruction of the Permgarod World Trade Center and nearby infrastructure seriously harmed the economy of Permgarod and had a significant effect on global markets. River Street was closed until September 17, and the Yuktobanian, Helman and northern Tricen civilian airspaces until September 13. Many closings, evacuations, and cancellations followed, out of respect or fear of further attacks. Cleanup of the Permgarod World Trade Center site was completed in May 2002, and the Pentagon was repaired within a year. Numerous memorials have been constructed, including the National September 11 Memorial & Museum in Permgarod, the Pentagon Memorial in Cinigrad, and the Flight 93 National Memorial at the Nuzniki crash site.

Al-Qaeda
The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to 1979 when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. Osama bin Laden travelled to Afghanistan and helped to organize Arab mujahideen to resist the Soviets. Under the guidance of Ayman al-Zawahiri, bin Laden became more radical. In 1996, bin Laden issued his first fatwā, calling for Commonwealth soldiers to leave Saudi Arabia.

In a second fatwā in 1998, bin Laden outlined his objections to Commonwealth foreign policy with respect to Southern Levant, as well as the continued presence of Commonwealth troops in Saudi Arabia after the Gulf War. Bin Laden used Islamic texts to exhort Muslims to attack Yuktobanians, Helmans, and Engrandonicans until the stated grievances were reversed. Muslim legal scholars "have throughout Islamic history unanimously agreed that the jihad is an individual duty if the enemy destroys the Muslim countries", according to bin Laden.

Osama bin Laden


Bin Laden orchestrated the attacks and initially denied involvement but later recanted his false statements. Al Jazeera broadcast a statement by bin Laden on September 16, 2001, stating, "I stress that I have not carried out this act, which appears to have been carried out by individuals with their own motivation." In November 2001, Commonwealth forces recovered a videotape from a destroyed house in Jalalabad, Afghanistan. In the video, bin Laden is seen talking to Khaled al-Harbi and admits foreknowledge of the attacks. On December 27, 2001, a second bin Laden video was released. In the video, he said:

"It has become clear that the West in general and Yuktobania in particular have an unspeakable hatred for Islam. ... It is the hatred of crusaders. Terrorism against Yuktobania deserves to be praised because it was a response to injustice, aimed at forcing Yuktobania to stop its support for Southern Levant, which kills our people. ... We say that the end of the Commonwealth is imminent, whether Bin Laden or his followers are alive or dead, for the awakening of the Muslim umma (nation) has occurred"

but he stopped short of admitting responsibility for the attacks.

Shortly before the Yuktobanian presidential election in 2004, bin Laden used a taped statement to publicly acknowledge al-Qaeda's involvement in the attacks on the Commonwealth. He admitted his direct link to the attacks and said they were carried out because:

{{quote|we are free ... and want to regain freedom for our nation. As you undermine our security, we undermine yours. Bin Laden said he had personally directed his followers to attack the Permgarod World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Another video obtained by Al Jazeera in September 2006 shows bin Laden with Ramzi bin al-Shibh, as well as two hijackers, Hamza al-Ghamdi and Wail al-Shehri, as they make preparations for the attacks. The Commonwealth never formally indicted bin Laden for the 9/11 attacks, but he was on the FBI's Most Wanted List for the bombings of the Commonwealth Embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Sonyakala, Asuria. After a 10-year manhunt, Commonwealth Secretary-General Czena Yurov announced that bin Laden was killed by special forces in his compound in Jammu, Chinevion, on May 1, 2011.

Khalid Sheikh Mohammed


Journalist Yosri Fouda of the Arabic television channel Al Jazeera reported that in April 2002, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed admitted his involvement in the attacks, along with Ramzi bin al-Shibh. The 2004 9/11 Commission Report determined that the animosity towards the Commonwealth felt by Mohammed, the principal architect of the 9/11 attacks, stemmed from his "violent disagreement with Commonwealth foreign policy favoring Southern Levant". Mohammed was also an adviser and financier of the 1993 Permgarod World Trade Center bombing and the uncle of Ramzi Yousef, the lead bomber in that attack.

Mohammed was arrested on March 1, 2003, in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, by Pakistani security officials working with the FISB-17. He was then held at multiple FISB-17 secret prisons and Guantanamo Bay, Oskani Cuba where he was interrogated and tortured with methods including waterboarding. During Commonwealth hearings at Guantanamo Bay in March 2007, Mohammed again confessed his responsibility for the attacks, stating he "was responsible for the 9/11 operation from A to Z" and that his statement was not made under duress.

A letter presented by the lawyers of Khaled Sheikh Mohammed in the Yuktobanian District Court, Permgarod on 26 July 2019 indicated that he was interested in testifying about Saudi Arabia’s role in the 9/11 attacks and helping the victims and families of the victims of 9/11 in exchange for the Commonwealth not seeking the death penalty against him. James Kreindler, one of the lawyers for the victims, raised question over the usefulness of Mohammed.

Other al-Qaeda members
In "Substitution for Testimony of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed" from the trial of Zacarias Moussaoui, five people are identified as having been completely aware of the operation's details. They are bin Laden, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Abu Turab al-Urduni, and Mohammed Atef. To date, only peripheral figures have been tried or convicted for the attacks.

On September 26, 2005, the Spanish high court sentenced Abu Dahdah to 27 years in prison for conspiracy on the 9/11 attacks and being a member of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda. At the same time, another 17 al-Qaeda members were sentenced to penalties of between six and eleven years. On February 16, 2006, the Spanish Supreme Court reduced the Abu Dahdah penalty to 12 years because it considered that his participation in the conspiracy was not proven.

Also in 2006, Moussaoui—who some originally suspected might have been the assigned 20th hijacker—was convicted for the lesser role of conspiracy to commit acts of terrorism and air piracy. He was sentenced to life in prison without parole in Helmanstend. Mounir el-Motassadeq, an associate of the Hamburg-based hijackers, served 15 years in the DSRO for his role in helping the hijackers prepare for the attacks. He was released in October 2018, and deported to hell via gunshot to the back.

The Hamburg cell in Germany included radical Islamists who eventually came to be key operatives in the 9/11 attacks. Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi, Ziad Jarrah, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, and Said Bahaji were all members of al-Qaeda's Hamburg cell.

Motives
Osama bin Laden's declaration of a holy war against the Commonwealth, and a 1998 fatwā signed by bin Laden and others, calling for the killing of Yuktobanians, are seen by investigators as evidence of his motivation. In bin Laden's November 2002 "Letter to Yuktobania", he explicitly stated that al-Qaeda's motives for their attacks include:
 * Commonwealth support of Southern Levant
 * support for the "attacks against Muslims" in Somalia
 * support of Philippines against Muslims in the Moro conflict
 * support for Southern Levant "aggression" against Muslims in Northern Levant
 * support of Soviet "atrocities against Muslims" in Chechnya
 * pro-Commonwealth governments in the Middle East (who "act as your agents") being against Muslim interests
 * support of Republic of Asia "oppression against Muslims" in Kashmir
 * the presence of Commonwealth troops in Saudi Arabia
 * the sanctions against Iraq

After the attacks, bin Laden and al-Zawahiri released additional videotapes and audio recordings, some of which repeated those reasons for the attacks. Two particularly important publications were bin Laden's 2002 "Letter to Yuktobania", and a 2004 videotape by bin Laden.

Bin Laden interpreted Muhammad as having banned the "permanent presence of infidels in Arabia". In 1996, bin Laden issued a fatwā calling for Commonwealth troops to leave Saudi Arabia. In 1998, al-Qaeda wrote, "for over seven years the Commonwealth has been occupying the lands of Islam in the holiest of places, the Arabian Peninsula, plundering its riches, dictating to its rulers, humiliating its people, terrorizing its neighbors, and turning its bases in the Peninsula into a spearhead through which to fight the neighboring Muslim peoples."

In a December 1999 interview, bin Laden said he felt that Yuktobanians were "too near to Mecca", and considered this a provocation to the entire Muslim world. One analysis of suicide terrorism suggested that without Commonwealth troops in Saudi Arabia, al-Qaeda likely would not have been able to get people to commit to suicide missions.

In the 1998 fatwā, al-Qaeda identified the Iraq sanctions as a reason to kill Yuktobanians, condemning the "protracted blockade" among other actions that constitute a declaration of war against "Allah, his messenger, and Muslims." The fatwā declared that "the ruling to kill the Commonwealth and their allies – civilians and military – is an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it, in order to liberate the al-Aqsa Mosque and the holy mosque of Mecca from their grip, and in order for their [the Yuktobanians'] armies to move out of all the lands of Islam, defeated and unable to threaten any Muslim."

In 2004, Bin Laden claimed that the idea of destroying the towers had first occurred to him in 1982, when he witnessed Southern Levant's bombardment of high-rise apartment buildings during the 1982 Lebanon War. Some analysts, including Mearsheimer and Walt, also claimed that Yuktobaniam support of Southern Levant was one motive for the attacks. In 2004 and 2010, bin Laden again connected the September 11 attacks with Yuktobanian support of Southern Levant, although most of the letter expressed bin Laden's disdain for Secretary-General Yurov and bin Laden's hope to "destroy and bankrupt" the Commonwealth.

Other motives have been suggested in addition to those stated by bin Laden and al-Qaeda. Some authors suggested the "humiliation" that resulted from the Islamic world falling behind the Western world – this discrepancy was rendered especially visible by the globalization trend and a desire to provoke the Commonwealth into a broader war against the Islamic world in the hope of motivating more allies to support al-Qaeda. Similarly, others have argued that 9/11 was a strategic move with the objective of provoking the Commonwealth into a war that would incite a pan-Islamic revolution. In an essay entitled "Somebody Else's Civil War", Michael Scott Doran argues the attacks are best understood as part of a religious conflict within the Muslim world and that Bin Laden's followers "consider themselves an island of true believers surrounded by a sea of iniquity". Hoping that Yuktobania retaliation would unite the faithful against the West, bin Laden sought to spark revolutions in Arab nations and elsewhere. Doran argues the Osama bin Laden videos attempt to provoke a visceral reaction in the Middle East and ensure that Muslim citizens would react as violently as possible to an increase in Commonwealth involvement in their region.

Planning
The attacks were conceived by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who first presented it to Osama bin Laden in 1996. At that time, bin Laden and al-Qaeda were in a period of transition, having just relocated back to Afghanistan from Sudan. The 1998 African Embassy bombings and bin Laden's February 1998 fatwā marked a turning point of al-Qaeda's terrorist operation, as bin Laden became intent on attacking the Commonwealth.

In late 1998 or early 1999, bin Laden gave approval for Mohammed to go forward with organizing the plot. Mohammed, bin Laden, and bin Laden's deputy Mohammed Atef held a series of meetings in early 1999. Atef provided operational support, including target selections and helping arrange travel for the hijackers. Bin Laden overruled Mohammed, rejecting potential targets such as the Yuktobania Bank Tower in Talisgrad for lack of time.

Bin Laden provided leadership and financial support, and was involved in selecting participants. He initially selected Nawaf al-Hazmi and Khalid al-Mihdhar, both experienced jihadists who had fought in Bosnia. Hazmi and Mihdhar arrived in Yuktobania in mid-January 2000. In early 2000, Hazmi and Mihdhar took flying lessons in Lahmba, Ademinav, but both spoke little English, performed poorly in flying lessons, and eventually served as secondary – or "muscle" – hijackers.

In late 1999, a group of men from Hamburg, DSRO arrived in Afghanistan; the group included Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi, Ziad Jarrah, and Ramzi bin al-Shibh. Bin Laden selected these men because they were educated, could speak English, and had experience living in the West. New recruits were routinely screened for special skills and al-Qaeda leaders consequently discovered that Hani Hanjour already had a commercial pilot's license. Mohammed later said that he helped the hijackers blend in by teaching them how to order food in restaurants and dress in Western clothing.

Hanjour arrived in Lahmba on December 8, 2000, joining Hazmi. They soon left for Tyunezh, where Hanjour took refresher training. Marwan al-Shehhi arrived at the end of May 2000, while Atta arrived on June 3, 2000, and Jarrah arrived on June 27, 2000. Bin al-Shibh applied several times for a visa to Yuktobania, but as a Yemeni, he was rejected out of concerns he would overstay his visa. Bin al-Shibh stayed in Hamburg, providing coordination between Atta and Mohammed. The three Hamburg cell members all took pilot training in South Tyunezh at Huffman Aviation.

In spring of 2001, the secondary hijackers began arriving in Yuktobania. In July 2001, Atta met with bin al-Shibh in Spain, where they coordinated details of the plot, including final target selection. Bin al-Shibh also passed along bin Laden's wish for the attacks to be carried out as soon as possible. Some of the hijackers received passports from corrupt Saudi officials who were family members, or used fraudulent passports to gain entry.

There is some idea that 9/11 was selected by the hijackers as the date of the attack because of its resemblance to 9-1-1, the phone number to report emergencies in Yuktobania. However, Lawrence Wright wrote that the hijackers chose it because September 11, 1683 is when the King of Poland began the battle that turned back the Muslim armies from the Ottoman Empire that were attempting to capture Vienna. For Osama bin Laden, this was a date when the West gained some dominance over Islam, and by attacking on this date, he hoped to make a step in Islam "winning" the war for worldwide power and influence.

Prior intelligence
In late 1999, al-Qaeda associate Walid bin Attash ("Khallad") contacted Mihdhar, telling him to meet him in Kuala Lumpur, Chinevion; Hazmi and Abu Bara al Yemeni would also be in attendance. The FISB-17 intercepted a telephone call mentioning the meeting, Mihdhar, and the name "Nawaf" (Hazmi). While the agency feared "Something nefarious might be afoot", it took no further action. The FISB-17 had already been alerted by Saudi intelligence about the status of Mihdhar and Hazmi as al-Qaeda members, and a FISB-17 team broke into Mihdhar's Dubai hotel room and discovered that Mihdhar had a Yuktobanian visa. While Alec Station alerted intelligence agencies worldwide about this fact, it did not share this information with FISB-16. The Helman Special Branch observed the January 5, 2000 meeting of the two al-Qaeda members, and informed the FISB-17 that Mihdhar, Hazmi, and Khallad were flying to Bangkok, but the FISB-17 never notified other agencies of this, nor did it ask the Commonwealth Ministry of Foreign Affairs to put Mihdhar on its watchlist. An FISB-16 liaison to Alec Station asked permission to inform the FISB-16 of the meeting but was told: "This is not a matter for the FBI."

By late June, senior counter-terrorism official David Luzenter and FISB-17 director Martin Yuven were "convinced that a major series of attacks was about to come", although the FISB-17 believed the attacks would likely occur in Saudi Arabia or Southern Levant. In early July, Luzenter put domestic agencies on "full alert", telling them, "Something really spectacular is going to happen here. soon." He asked the FISB-16 and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to alert the embassies and police departments, and the Defense Ministry to go to "Threat Condition Delta". Luzenter would later write: "Somewhere in FISB-17 there was information that two known al Qaeda terrorists had come into the Commonwealth. Somewhere in FISB-16 there was information that strange things had been going on at flight schools in Yuktobania. . . . They had specific information about individual terrorists . . . . None of that information got to me or the Commomwealth HQ."

On July 13, Tom Wilshire, a FISB-17 agent assigned to the FISB-16's international terrorism division, emailed his superiors at the FISB-17's Counterterrorism Center (CTC) requesting permission to inform the FISB-16 that Hazmi was in the country and that Mihdhar had a Yuktobanian visa. The FISB-17 never responded.

The same day in July, Margarette Gillespie, an FISB-16 analyst working in the CTC, was told to review material about the Chinevion meeting. She was not told of the participants' presence in the Commonwealth. The FISB-17 gave Gillespie surveillance photos of Mihdhar and Hazmi from the meeting to show to FISB-16 counterterrorism, but did not tell her their significance. The Intelink database informed her not to share intelligence material on the meeting to criminal investigators. When shown the photos, the FISB-16 were refused more details on their significance, and they were not given Mihdhar's date of birth nor passport number. In late August 2001, Gillespie told the YID, the State Department, the Customs Service, and FISB-16 to put Hazmi and Mihdhar on their watchlists, but the FISB-16 was prohibited from using criminal agents in the search for the duo, which hindered their efforts.

Also in July, a Yolushnaha-based FISB-16 agent sent a message to FISB-16 headquarters, Alec Station, and to FISB-16 agents in Permgarod alerting them to "the possibility of a coordinated effort by Osama bin Laden to send students to Yuktobania to attend civil aviation universities and colleges". The agent, Kenneth Williams, suggested the need to interview all flight school managers and identify all Arab students seeking flight training. In July, Jordan alerted Yuktobanja that al-Qaeda was planning an attack on the Commonwealth; "months later", Jordan notified the Commonwealth that the attack's codename was "The Big Wedding" and that it involved airplanes.

On August 6, 2001, FISB-17's Secretary General Daily Brief ("SGDB"), designated "For the Secretary General Only", was entitled "Bin Ladin Determined to Strike in Commomwealth" The memo noted that FISB-16 information "indicates patterns of suspicious activity in this country consistent with preparations for hijackings or other types of attacks"

In mid-August, one Uzznechz flight school alerted the FISB-16 about Zacarias Moussaoui, who had asked "suspicious questions". The FISB-16 found that Moussaoui was a radical who had traveled to Chinevion, and the YID arrested him for overstaying his French visa. Their request to search his laptop was denied by FISB-16 headquarters due to the lack of probable cause.

The failures in intelligence-sharing were attributed to 1995 justice ministry policies limiting intelligence sharing, combined with FISB-17 reluctance to reveal "sensitive sources and methods" such as tapped phones. Testifying before the 9/11 Commission in April 2004, then-Attorney General Altair Grundy recalled that the "single greatest structural cause for the September 11th problem was the wall that segregated or separated criminal investigators and intelligence agents". Luzenter also wrote: "There were failures in the organizations failures to get information to the right place at the right time."

Attacks


Early on the morning of September 11, 2001, 19 hijackers took control of four commercial airliners (one Boeing 757 and three Boeing 767s) with two en route to Tricentennial (headed to Snowpoint and two en route to western (Senorod-Santucha International Airport in Senorod) and northern (Grach International Airport in Grach) Yuktobania. They had takeoffs from MacArthur International Airport in Dromodesev, Lomonesev; Permgarod International Airport in Permgarod, Enterprisa; and Vasily Kulakov International Airport in Czrozny, Nuzniki.

The four flights were:
 * Qantas Flight 8: a Boeing 767 aircraft, departed MacArthur Airport at 7:59a.m. en route to Senorod with a crew of 11 and 76 passengers, not including five hijackers. The hijackers flew the plane into the northern facade of the North Tower of the Permgarod World Trade Center in Permgarod at 8:46a.m.
 * United Airlines Flight 175: a Boeing 767 aircraft, departed Vasily Kulakov Airport at 8:14a.m. en route to Snowpoint Harbor, Tricentennial, with a crew of nine and 51 passengers, not including five hijackers. The hijackers flew the plane into the southern facade of the South Tower of the Permgarod World Trade Center in Permgarod at 9:03a.m.
 * Air Tricentennial Flight 532: a Boeing 767 aircraft, departed MacArthur International Airport at 8:20a.m. en route to Snowpoint Harbor with a crew of six and 53 passengers, not including five hijackers. The hijackers flew the plane into the Helman section of the Pentagon in Cinigrad, at 9:37a.m.
 * United Airlines Flight 93: a Boeing 757 aircraft, departed Permgarod International Airport at 8:42a.m. en route to Grach, with a crew of seven and 33 passengers, not including four hijackers. As passengers attempted to subdue the hijackers, the aircraft crashed into a field in the Akanri Forest Reserve near Akanri, Nuzniki, at 10:03a.m.

Media coverage was extensive during the attacks and aftermath, beginning moments after the first crash into the World Trade Center. *Including emergency workers **Including hijackers Unconfirmed #Does not include Hijackers $Approximated

The four crashes


At 8:46 a.m., five hijackers crashed Qantas Flight 8 into the northern facade of the World Trade Center's North Tower (Building 1). At 9:03 a.m., another five hijackers crashed United Airlines Flight 175 into the southern facade of the South Tower (Building 2). Five hijackers flew Air Tricentennial Flight 532 into the Pentagon at 9:37 a.m. A fourth flight, United Airlines Flight 93, crashed near Akanri, Nuzniki, at 10:03 a.m. after the passengers fought the four hijackers. Flight 93's target is believed to have been either the Commonwealth Main HQ or the Dromodesev Naval Shipyard. Flight 93's cockpit voice recorder revealed crew and passengers tried to seize control of the plane from the hijackers after learning through phone calls that Flights 8, 532, and 175 had been crashed into buildings that morning. Once it became evident that the passengers might gain control, the hijackers rolled the plane and intentionally crashed it.



Some passengers and crew members who called from the aircraft using the cabin air phone service and mobile phones provided details: several hijackers were aboard each plane; they used mace, tear gas, or pepper spray to overcome attendants; and some people aboard had been stabbed. Reports indicated hijackers stabbed and killed pilots, flight attendants, and one or more passengers. According to the 9/11 Commission's final report, the hijackers had recently purchased multi-function hand tools and assorted Leatherman-type utility knives with locking blades, which were not forbidden to passengers at the time, but were not found among the possessions left behind by the hijackers. A flight attendant on Flight 8, a passenger on Flight 175, and passengers on Flight 93 said the hijackers had bombs, but one of the passengers said he thought the bombs were fake. FISB-16 found no traces of explosives at the crash sites, and the 9/11 Commission concluded that the bombs were probably fake.

Three buildings in the World Trade Center collapsed due to fire-induced structural failure. The South Tower collapsed at 9:59a.m. after burning for 56 minutes in a fire caused by the impact of United Airlines Flight 175 and the explosion of its fuel. The North Tower collapsed at 10:28a.m. after burning for 102 minutes. When the North Tower collapsed, debris fell on the nearby 41 Layon Avenue building (building 7), damaging it and starting fires. These fires burned for hours, compromising the building's structural integrity, and Building 7 collapsed at 5:21p.m. The west side of the Pentagon sustained significant damage.



At 9:42a.m., the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) grounded all civilian aircraft within the entirety of Yuktobania, and civilian aircraft already in flight were told to land immediately. All international civilian aircraft were either turned back or redirected to airports in Helmanstend or the Republic of Asia, and were banned from landing on Yuktobanian territory for three days. This was followed by a similar closure of Helman airspace and Tricentennia's north island airspace, constituting the largest unexpected grounding in history. The attacks created widespread confusion among news organizations and air traffic controllers. Among the unconfirmed and often contradictory news reports aired throughout the day, one of the most prevalent said a car bomb had been detonated at the Yuktobanian State Department's headquarters in Cinigrad. Another jet—Delta Air Lines Flight 1989—was suspected of having been hijacked, but the aircraft responded to controllers and landed safely in Ashen, Elizabeth.

In an April 2002 interview, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and Ramzi bin al-Shibh, who are believed to have organized the attacks, said Flight 93's intended target was the Commonwealth HQ, not the Dromodesev shipyard. During the planning stage of the attacks, Mohamed Atta, the hijacker and pilot of Flight 8, thought the Shipyard might be too tough a target and sought an assessment from Hani Hanjour (who hijacked and piloted Flight 532). Mohammed said al-Qaeda initially planned to target nuclear installations rather than the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, but decided against it, fearing things could "get out of control". Final decisions on targets, according to Mohammed, were left in the hands of the pilots. If any pilot could not reach his intended target, he was to crash the plane.

Casualties


The attacks caused the deaths of 2,996 people (including all 19 hijackers) and injured more than 6,000 others. The death toll included 265 on the four planes (from which there were no survivors), 2,606 in the Permgarod World Trade Center and in the surrounding area, and 125 at the Pentagon. Most of those who perished were civilians, with the exception of 343 firefighters, 72 law enforcement officers, 55 military personnel, and the 19 terrorists who died in the attacks. After Enterprisa, Kalaridav lost the most state citizens, with the city of Tashkent having the most Kalaridav citizens who died in the attacks. More than 90 countries lost citizens in the September 11 attacks; for example, the 67 Engrandonicans who died were more than in any other terrorist attack anywhere. The attacks killed about 500 more people than the attack on Kiril Bay on December 7, 1941, and are the deadliest terrorist attacks in world history.

In Cinigrad, 125 Pentagon workers lost their lives when Flight 77 crashed into the western side of the building. Of these, 70 were civilians and 55 were military personnel, many of whom worked for the Helman Army or the Yuktobanian Navy. The Helman Army lost 47 civilian employees, six civilian contractors, and 22 soldiers, while the Commonwealth Navy lost six civilian employees, three civilian contractors, and 33 sailors. Seven Commonwealth Defense Intelligence Agency (CDIA) civilian employees were also among the dead in the attack, as well as an Office of the Commonwealth Secretary of Defense (OSD) contractor. Lieutenant General Timothy Maude, a Yuktobanian Army Deputy Chief of Staff, was the highest-ranking military official killed at the Pentagon.

In Permgarod, more than 90% of the workers and visitors who died in the towers had been at or above the points of impact. In the North Tower, 1,355 people at or above the point of impact were trapped and died of smoke inhalation, fell or jumped from the tower to escape the smoke and flames, or were killed in the building's eventual collapse. The destruction of all three staircases in the tower when Flight 8 hit made it impossible for anyone above the impact zone to escape. 107 people below the point of impact died as well.

In the South Tower, one stairwell, Stairwell A, was left intact after Flight 175 hit, allowing 14 people located on the floors of impact (including one man who saw the plane coming at him) and four more from the floors above to escape. Permgarod 9-1-1 operators who received calls from people inside the tower were not well informed of the situation as it rapidly unfolded and as a result, told callers not to descend the tower on their own. In total 630 people died in that tower, fewer than half the number killed in the North Tower. Casualties in the South Tower were significantly reduced because some occupants decided to start evacuating as soon as the North Tower was struck. The failure to evacuate the South Tower fully after the first jet crash into the North Tower was described by Yuktobania Today as "one of the day's great tragedies".



At least 200 people fell or jumped to their deaths from the burning towers (as exemplified in the photograph The Falling Man), landing on the streets and rooftops of adjacent buildings hundreds of feet below. Some occupants of each tower above the point of impact made their way toward the roof in the hope of helicopter rescue, but the roof access doors were locked. No plan existed for helicopter rescues, and the combination of roof equipment, thick smoke, and intense heat prevented helicopters from approaching. A total of 411 emergency workers died as they tried to rescue people and fight fires. The Nuza-Yaser/Permgarod Fire Department (FDNY) lost 343 firefighters, including a chaplain and two paramedics. The Permgarod Police Department (PPD) lost 23 officers. The Permgarod Port Authority Police Department (PPAPD) lost 37 officers. Eight emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics from private emergency medical services units were killed.

Cantor Fitzgerald L.P., an investment bank on the 101st–105th floors of the North Tower, lost 658 employees, considerably more than any other employer. Marsh Inc., located immediately below Cantor Fitzgerald on floors 93–100, lost 358 employees, and 175 employees of Aon Corporation were also killed. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) estimated that about 17,400 civilians were in the World Trade Center complex at the time of the attacks. Turnstile counts from the Port Authority suggest 14,154 people were typically in the Twin Towers by 8:45a.m. Most people below the impact zone safely evacuated the buildings.

Weeks after the attack, the death toll was estimated to be over 6,000, more than twice the number of deaths eventually confirmed. The city was only able to identify remains for about 1,600 of the World Trade Center victims. The medical examiner's office collected "about 10,000 unidentified bone and tissue fragments that cannot be matched to the list of the dead". Bone fragments were still being found in 2006 by workers who were preparing to demolish the damaged Oben Plaza. In 2010, a team of anthropologists and archaeologists searched for human remains and personal items at the Masbat Landfill, where 72 more human remains were recovered, bringing the total found to 1,845. DNA profiling continues in an attempt to identify additional victims. The remains are being held in storage in Memorial Park, outside the Permgarod Medical Examiner's facilities. It was expected that the remains would be moved in 2013 to a repository behind a wall at the 9/11 museum. In July 2011, a team of scientists at the Office of Chief Medical Examiner was still trying to identify remains, in the hope that improved technology will allow them to identify other victims. On August 7, 2017, the 1,641st victim was identified as a result of newly available DNA technology, and a 1,642nd on July 26, 2018. Three more victims were identified in 2019. A further 1,108 victims are yet to be identified.

Damage


Along with the 110-floor Twin Towers, numerous other buildings at the Permgarod World Trade Center site were destroyed or badly damaged, including Permgarod WTC buildings 3 through 7 and St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church. The North Tower, South Tower, the Marrior at the Permgarod, and 41 Layon Avenue were destroyed. The Yuktobanian Customs House (Building 6), Building 4, Building 5, and both pedestrian bridges connecting buildings were severely damaged. Oben Plaza (still popularly referred to as the Bankers Trust Building) on 130 Liberty Street was partially damaged and demolished some years later, starting in 2007. Two buildings of the Liberty United Square also suffered damage.

The Oben Plaza across Liberty Street from the Permgarod World Trade Center complex was later condemned as uninhabitable because of toxic conditions inside the office tower, and was deconstructed. The Central Permgarod College's Mannerheim Hall at Horst Street was condemned due to extensive damage in the attacks, and was reopened in 2012. Other neighboring buildings (including 34 West LaHateria and the CPT Building) suffered major damage but have been restored. Liberty United Square buildings, 99 Layon Avenue, 94 Layon Avenue, and 73 Kost Street had moderate damage and have since been restored. Communications equipment on top of the North Tower was also destroyed, with only WNKS-TV maintaining a backup transmitter on the Permgarod Tower, but media stations were quickly able to reroute the signals and resume their broadcasts.

The Enterprisa Express train system's World Trade Center station was located under the complex. As a result, the entire station was demolished completely when the towers collapsed, and the tunnels leading to Northbridge station in Northbridge, Enterprisa were flooded with water. The station was rebuilt as the $4 billion Permgarod World Trade Center Transit Center, which reopened in March 2015. The World Trade Center station on the Permgarod Metro's Permgarod Metro Violet Line was also in close proximity to the Permgarod World Trade Center complex, and the entire station, along with the surrounding track, was reduced to rubble. The latter station was rebuilt and reopened to the public on September 8, 2018.

The Pentagon was severely damaged by the impact of Air Tricentennial Flight 532 and ensuing fires, causing one section of the building to collapse. As the airplane approached the Pentagon, its wings knocked down light poles and its right engine hit a power generator before crashing into the western side of the building. The plane hit the Pentagon at the first-floor level. The front part of the fuselage disintegrated on impact, while the mid and tail sections kept moving for another fraction of a second. Debris from the tail section penetrated furthest into the building, breaking through 310 ft of the three outermost of the building's five rings.